Lokacin da karnuka suka shiga shekarunsu na ƙarsheyawanci a kusa da shekaru 7 don ƙananan jinsuna da 5 zuwa 6 ga manyan jinsunajikiyarsu tana fuskantar canje-canje masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai hankali, mai son kai. Duk da cewa tsufa tsari ne na halitta, yana kawo haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani da kuma mummunan yanayi. Gane alamun farkon cututtukan da ke faruwa a yau da kullun yana ba masu mallaka damar shiga cikin sauri, inganta sakamakon magani, da kuma tsawaita ingancin rayuwar ƙaunataccen abokansu. Wannan jagorar mai zurfi tana zurfafa cikin batutuwan kiwon lafiya guda biyar da suka fi rinjaye tsofaffin karnuka, yana ba da cikakken haske game da bayyanar cututtuka, hanyoyin bincike, dabarun gudanarwa, da matakan rigakafi. Ta hanyar kasancewa da sani da kuma haɗin gwiwa tare da likitan dabbobi, zaku iya taimaka wa tsoffin karnuka su more shekarunsu na zinariya tare da jin dadi da mutunci.

1. Osteoarthritis da kuma lalata haɗin gwiwa

Osteoarthritis (OA) ciwo ne na yau da kullum, mai lalacewa na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke shafar yawancin tsofaffin karnuka. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwayar kariya da ke rufe ƙashin ƙashi ta lalace a tsawon lokaci, yana haifar da ciwo, kumburi, da rage motsi. Yayinda OA zai iya haɓaka a kowane haɗin gwiwa, hip, gwiwa, ƙugu, da kashin baya sun fi shafar. Dalilai sun haɗa da kwayoyin halitta, raunin da ya gabata, kiba, da tasirin haɗuwa da ayyukan rayuwa.

Alamomin da Ya Kamata Mu Mai da Hankali

A yawancin lokaci, cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki suna tasowa a hankali, kuma hakan yana sa a iya ƙin su a matsayin na tsufa.

  • Ƙarfi ko kuma rashin ƙarfi, musamman bayan an huta ko kuma da safe
  • Rashin samun matsala daga kwanciya ko zama
  • Rashin so ya hau kan matakala, ya yi tsalle a kan kayan gida, ko kuma ya yi yawo
  • Rashin sha'awar wasa ko motsa jiki
  • Licking, chewing, ko cizon wani takamaiman haɗin
  • Rashin tsoka (atrophy) a kafafun baya
  • Canje-canje a cikin matsayi ko tafiya, kamar motsi na zomo

Bincike da Staging

Ana iya yin gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gida, amma ba a iya yin gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Ana iya yin gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gida, amma a wasu lokuta ana iya yin amfani da su don yin gwajin ƙwayar cuta.

Gudanarwa da Jiyya

Yin maganin osteoarthritis yana da hanyoyi da yawa, yana mai da hankali ga rage ciwo, rage ci gaban cutar, da kuma kula da aiki.

  • Kula da nauyi: Fiye da nauyi yana sanya damuwa a kan haɗin gwiwa. Ko da matsakaiciyar asarar nauyi na iya inganta motsi da rage ciwo.
  • Jiyya ta jiki: FLT:1 Kayan motsa jiki masu sarrafawa kamar tafiya da madauri, iyo, da zaman gangamin ruwa suna taimakawa wajen kula da ƙarfin tsoka da sassan sassan.
  • Abubuwan haɗin gwiwa: Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, omega-3 fatty acids, da kore-lipped mussel cirewa ana amfani dasu don tallafawa lafiyar cartilage. Yawancin samfuran kasuwanci suna ƙunsar MSM ko acid hyaluronic.
  • Magungunan rigakafi: Magungunan rigakafi marasa ƙwayoyin cuta (NSAIDs) irin su carprofen, meloxicam, da grapiprant galibi ana rubuta su don sauƙaƙewa ko sauƙaƙewa. Kada ku ba da NSAIDs na mutum kamar ibuprofen ga karnuka.
  • Fitar da jini, maganin laser, maganin ultrasound, da kuma tausa na iya rage ciwo da kumburi. Wasu karnuka suna amfana daga maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ko injections na plasma mai wadataccen platelet (PRP).
  • Sauyawar muhalli: Bayar da gadajen kwantar da hankula, ramfuna don kayan daki da matakala, bene mara zamewa, da kwano na abinci da aka ɗaga don sauƙaƙa rayuwar yau da kullun.

Ƙara koyo game da lafiyar haɗin gwiwa daga VCA Animal Hospitals.

2. Cutar haƙoran ƙoshi

Cutar ƙwayoyin cuta ita ce yanayin kamuwa da cuta mafi yawa a cikin karnuka, tare da har zuwa 80% na karnuka sama da shekaru 3 suna nuna wani digiri na cutar hakora. A cikin tsofaffin karnuka, sakamakon kamuwa da cutar ta baki na tsawon lokaci ya wuce numfashi mara kyau da asarar hakora. Kwayoyin daga bakin na iya shiga cikin jini kuma su lalata zuciya, koda, da hanta, suna ƙara tsananta wasu yanayin da suka shafi shekaru. Cutar ƙwayoyin cuta ta ci gaba ta hanyar matakai: gingivitis (sanyen kumburi mai juyawa na gums) zuwa farkon, matsakaici, da ci gaba da cutar periodontitis (rasawar da ba za a iya juyawa ba na tsarin tallafawa).

Alamomin da Ya Kamata Mu Mai da Hankali

  • Halitosis mai ci gaba (matsanancin numfashi) wanda ya fi numfashin kare na yau da kullum ƙarfi
  • Jininsa yana da ja, yana kumbura ko kuma yana zubar da jini
  • Ƙarƙashin gishiri na rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa a kan hakora, musamman a kusa da gum
  • Gashin da ke saurin yin rauni da kuma saurin zubar da hakora
  • Hakora masu ɓace ko kuma ɓace
  • Rashin cin abinci, rashin cin abinci, ko kuma rashin cin abinci
  • Jin zafi ko jin zafi lokacin da aka taɓa bakinka
  • Ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma zubar da jini daga gashin

Bincike da Jiyya

Ana yin ganewar asali ta hanyar binciken baki a ƙarƙashin maganin shan magani, ciki har da binciken aljihun periodontal da kuma cikakken bakin hakora na X-rays. Anesthesia yana da mahimmanci don cikakken kimantawa da tsabtace lafiya. Jiyya ya bambanta ta mataki:

  • Tsabtace hakora na ƙwararru (profi): Scaling da gogewa a sama da ƙasa da layin gumi, sannan amfani da fluoride ko shinge mai rufewa.
  • Taron lokaci: Don aljihun da ke zurfi, ana iya buƙatar hanyoyin kamar gyare-gyare, sanya maganin rigakafi a ƙarƙashin jini, ko ma hawan flap na tiyata.
  • Tashar: Dole ne a cire hakora masu rauni sosai don kawar da kamuwa da cuta da ciwo.
  • Kula da gida: Flt: 1 Tsabtace hakora na yau da kullun tare da maganin hakora na likitanci shine mizanin zinariya. Abincin hakora (misali, Hills t / d ko Royal Canin Dental), abubuwan kara ruwa, kayan wasa na masha, da kuma masha enzymatic na iya taimakawa rage tarin tabo.

Likitan dabbobi zai ba da shawarar shirin kula da hakora da aka tsara wanda ya haɗa da tsabtace ƙwararru na yau da kullun.

3. Cutar koda mai tsanani

CKD wani ci gaba ne na aikin koda wanda galibi yana shafar tsofaffin karnuka. Kwararrun suna tace kayayyakin ɓarnar jini daga jini, suna daidaita electrolytes, kuma suna kula da ma'auni na ruwa. Lokacin da suka gaza, guba ta tattara toxins, yana haifar da rashin lafiya na tsarin. CKD ana tsara shi ta amfani da tsarin International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) wanda ya dogara da matakin creatinine na jini, dimethylarginine symmetric (SDMA), da furotin na fitsari. Ganowa da gudanarwa na farko na iya rage ci gaba da inganta ingancin rayuwa.

Alamomin da Ya Kamata Mu Mai da Hankali

  • Ƙara ƙishirwa (polydipsia) da ƙaruwa na fitsari (polyuria) sau da yawa alamun farko
  • Rashin ci ko kuma rashin son sha'awa
  • Rashin nauyi da kuma ɓarnar tsoka
  • Ƙarƙashin jiki ko kuma fitsari (na iya faruwa a lokaci-lokaci)
  • Rashin ƙarfi da kuma rauni
  • Rashin numfashi (halitosis na uremic) ko kuma ciwon baki
  • Gishiri mai launin toka ko rashin jini
  • Halitosis (matsanancin numfashi kamar ammonia) da ke tattare da uremia

Bincike da Kulawa

Gwaje-gwaje na jini da fitsari sune manyan kayan aiki. Ƙarfin creatinine da SDMA suna nuna raguwar aikin koda. Nazarin fitsari yana kimanta yawan fitsari da kasancewar furotin ko kamuwa da cuta. Auna hawan jini yana da mahimmanci, saboda hawan jini yana da yawa a cikin karnuka na CKD. Ultrasound na ciki na iya kimanta girman koda, siffa, da tsari. Kulawa mai tsauri tare da dubawa na yau da kullun (kowane watanni 3-6) yana da mahimmanci.

Gudanarwa da Jiyya

Gudanarwa ta mayar da hankali kan rage aikin koda da kuma sarrafa rikitarwa:

  • Gyara abinci: Flat: 1 Flat na yau da kullum (misali, Hills k / d, Royal Canin Renal) yana da ƙarancin furotin, phosphorus, da sodium, kuma an wadatar da shi da omega-3 fatty acids da antioxidants.
  • Fitar da ruwa: Fitar da ruwa a gida yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwa da kuma zubar da toxins.
  • Magunguna: Magungunan phosphate (misali, aluminum hydroxide) suna sarrafa hyperphosphatemia. masu hana ACE (misali, enalapril, benazepril) suna rage proteinuria da hawan jini. Hakanan ana iya buƙatar maganin antihypertensives da antiemetics (misali, maropitant).
  • Kula da electrolytes: Dole ne a lura da matakan potassium da calcium kuma a cika su idan ya cancanta.
  • Kula da matsalolin lokaci guda: Infusions na urinary tract, ulcers na ciki, da rashin jini suna buƙatar kulawa da sauri.

Don ƙarin haske, duba jagororin IRIS Kidney.

4. Cutar daji

Ciwon daji shine babban dalilin mutuwa a cikin tsofaffin karnuka, tare da wasu nazarin da ke kiyasta cewa kusan rabin karnuka a sama da shekaru 10 za su sami wani nau'in neoplasia. Ganowa da magani na farko na iya tsawaita rayuwarsu sosai kuma su kiyaye ingancin. Nau'ikan da aka saba da su sun haɗa da lymphoma, ƙwayoyin mast cell, sarcomas na ƙwayoyin tsoka, osteosarcoma, da melanoma. Kowa yana da halaye daban-daban, tsinkaye, da hanyoyin magani.

Alamomin da Ya Kamata Mu Mai da Hankali

  • Ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke girma da sauri, suna canja siffarsu, ko kuma suna da ciwon daji
  • Rashin nauyi da ba a bayyana ba ko rashin jin daɗin abinci
  • Rashin ƙarfi ko kumburi na wata 'yar kafa (musamman a cikin manyan karnuka na iya nuna ciwon daji na kasusuwa)
  • Rashin numfashi, tari, ko rashin haƙuri da motsa jiki (mai yiwuwa a sami ciwon huhu ko zuciya)
  • Rashin jini ko zubar da jini daga wani budewar jiki
  • Fuskokin jijiyoyi ko alamun jijiyoyi (ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa)
  • Rashin ƙarfi, fitsari, ko kuma yin ƙoƙari don yin numfashi (ƙwayoyin ciki)
  • Rashin ƙarfi, rage ƙarfin jimiri, ko kuma ɓoyewa

Bincike da Staging

Ana fara ganewar asali tare da tsananin allura (FNA) na kumfa, wanda sau da yawa ana iya yin shi a asibiti. Ana buƙatar biopsy tare da histopathology don ganewar asali da ƙimar ƙarshe. Cikakken aikin jini, fitsari, radios na kirji, da kuma fitsari na ciki suna taimakawa wajen sa ciwon daji (ƙayyade yaduwar). Ana iya ba da shawarar ɗaukar hoto mai zurfi (CT, MRI) da kimanta ƙwayoyin lymph.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya

Maganin ya dogara da irin ciwon, wurin, mataki, da kuma lafiyar kare:

  • Aikin tiyata: Aikin cire kwayar cutar da ake yi da gangan sau da yawa yana ba da mafi kyawun damar yin amfani da shi a cikin dogon lokaci.
  • An yi amfani da shi don cututtukan tsarin kamar lymphoma ko a matsayin mai taimakawa ga tiyata. Yawancin karnuka suna jure wa maganin chemotherapy tare da ƙananan sakamako masu illa idan aka kwatanta da mutane.
  • Maganin radiation: [1] Inganci ga ciwon daji wanda ba za a iya cire shi gaba ɗaya ba, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa ko hanci. Cibiyoyin musamman da yawa suna ba da wannan.
  • Flu:0 Immunotherapy: Flu: 1 alluran rigakafi kamar allurar rigakafin melanoma na iya motsa tsarin rigakafi don yaƙar wasu cututtukan daji.
  • Kulawa ta palliative: Lokacin da magani bai yiwu ba, kula da ciwo, abubuwan motsa sha, da magungunan rigakafin kumburi na iya kula da ingancin rayuwa.

Tattauna duk zaɓuɓɓuka tare da likitan likitan dabbobi.

5. Cutar Zuciya

Cutar zuciya a cikin tsofaffin karnuka galibi tana bayyana a matsayin cuta ta mitral valve (DMVD) a cikin ƙananan jinsuna (misali, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Chihuahuas, Dachshunds) da kuma dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) a cikin manyan jinsuna (misali, Dobermans, Great Danes). Dukkanin yanayin suna haifar da rashin ƙarfin zuciya a tsawon lokaci idan ba a bi da shi ba.

Alamomin da Ya Kamata Mu Mai da Hankali

  • Coughing na kullum, musamman a daren ko bayan motsa jiki ana iya yin kuskure da coughing ko bronchitis
  • Rashin haƙuri da motsa jiki: Ka gaji da sauri sa'ad da kake tafiya
  • Rashin numfashi (dyspnea) ko kuma numfashi mai saurin zurfi
  • Rashin kwanciyar hankali ko kuma motsa jiki, musamman da dare
  • Rashin ƙarfi (syncope) ko kuma ɓarkewar jiki
  • Ƙarƙashin ciki saboda tarin ruwa (ascites)
  • Gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin gashin g
  • Rashin ƙarfi ko lalacewar sassan baya (yana faruwa tare da ɓarkewar DCM)

Bincike da Staging

Ana fara ganewar asali tare da kulawa da hankali na zuciya don murmushi, arrhythmias, ko sautunan gallop. X-rays na kirji suna kimanta girman zuciya da tsarin huhu. Echocardiogram (farfadowar zuciya) yana ba da tabbataccen bayani game da yanayin bawul, girman ɗakin, da aikin systolic. Electrocardiogram (ECG) da kuma saka idanu na Holter suna taimakawa gano arrhythmias. Ana ba da shawarar auna hawan jini.

Gudanarwa da Jiyya

Ana bi da cututtukan zuciya bisa ga mataki da kuma irin su:

  • Mataki na B1 (babu murmushi ko murmushi mai sauƙi, ba a sake tsara shi): (FLT: 1) Babu magani, amma ana sa ido akai-akai kowane watanni 6-12. Ana iya ba da shawarar abinci mai kyau ga zuciya tare da iyakantaccen ƙuntatawa na sodium.
  • Mataki na B2 (murmushi tare da hujjojin faɗaɗa zuciya): Pimobendan galibi ana fara jinkirta farkon rashin cin nasara na zuciya. Ana iya ƙara masu hana ACE don wasu lokuta.
  • Mataki na C (rashin ciwon zuciya): FLT:1 yana haɗuwa da pimobendan, masu hana ACE, diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone), da kuma yiwuwar magungunan antiarrhythmic.
  • Mataki na D (ƙwarewar rashin ƙarfi na zuciya):FLT:1]] Yana buƙatar tsaurara hanyoyin maganin magani da kula da ruwa. Wasu karnuka suna amfana daga ƙarin magunguna kamar sildenafil ko masu saurin bugun zuciya.
  • Gyara salon rayuwa: Ka guji motsa jiki mai wahala, ka kiyaye kare a cikin yanayi mai zafi, kuma kayi amfani da harness maimakon wuya don rage matsin wuya.

Don cikakken bayani, duba Cibiyar Bayanan Bayanai na Bayanai na Bayanai (yana buƙatar memba amma yana ba da albarkatun jama'a).

Ka Daɗa Halin: Hanyar da Za a Bi da Lafiya ta Tsofaffi

Ko da yake waɗannan yanayin biyar suna cikin mafi yawan al'amura, tsofaffin karnuka na iya fuskantar rashin aiki na hankali (shakurin lalata), rashin gani da ji, rashin ƙarfi na fitsari, da cututtukan endochrine kamar hypothyroidism ko Cushing's disease. mabuɗin samun nasarar tsufa shine haɗin gwiwa tare da likitan dabbobi. Shirya jarrabawar lafiya aƙalla sau biyu a shekara don karnuka sama da shekaru 7.

Ka kasance mai kula da lafiyarka a gida: ka lura da canje-canje a cikin sha'awarka, yawan ruwanka, fitsari, matakin aiki, da kuma hali. Ka rubuta abin da ka yi da likitanka. Ka kiyaye abinci mai kyau tare da abinci na tsofaffi ko kuma na magani idan ya cancanta, kuma ka daidaita motsa jiki don ya dace da iyawar kare karewarka.

A ƙarshe, kada ka manta da lafiyar motsin zuciyarka da kuma tunanin kare. Ka ba da shimfiɗa mai kyau, ayyuka masu kyau, da kuma tattaunawa mai kyau. Ka daidaita tsammaninka. Ƙananan tafiya da kuma ƙarin hutawa suna da kyau. Tare da tsaro, ƙauna, da kulawar dabbobi ta zamani, za ka iya taimaka wa kare tsofaffi ya yi nasara duk da ƙalubalen tsufa.